From the category archives:

Neuroendocrinology

Hydrocortisone treatment restores brain metabolism and working memory in PTSD

by Romeo Mariano, MD (February 20, 2010)

Changes in Relative Glucose Metabolic Rate Following Cortisol Administration in Aging Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: An FDG-PET Neuroimaging Study
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci.2009; 21: 132-143
Rachel Yehuda, Ph.D., Philip D. Harvey, Ph.D., Julia A. Golier, M.D., Randall E. Newmark, B.A., Christopher R. Bowie, Ph.D., Janelle J. Wohltmann, B.A., Robert A. Grossman, M.D., James Schmeidler, Ph.D., [...]

DHEA improves immune system response against parasites

by Romeo Mariano, MD (February 20, 2010)

Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) and benznidazole treatments during acute infection of two different Trypanosoma cruzi strains.

Immunobiology. 2010 Feb 15;
Authors: Domingues Santos C, Loria RM, Rodrigues Oliveira LG, Collins Kuehn C, Alonso Toldo MP, Albuquerque S, do Prado Júnior JC
A significant role for hormones in regulating the balance of Th1- and Th2-associated cytokines with [...]

Supressing HPA Axis Activity via Exogenous Cortisol Enhances Aggressive Behavior in Females, but not in Males.

by Romeo Mariano, MD (February 6, 2010)

Exogenous cortisol enhances aggressive behavior in females, but not in males.
Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2010 Feb 1;
Böhnke R, Bertsch K, Kruk MR, Richter S, Naumann E
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis plays a major role in the development, elicitation, and enhancement of aggressive behavior in animals.
Increasing evidence suggests that this is also true for humans.
Here, we report on [...]

Stress Leads to Long-Term Reduction in Corticosteroid Sensitivity in the Hippocampus

by Romeo Mariano, MD (February 6, 2010)

Primate Early Life Stress Leads to Long-Term Mild Hippocampal Decreases in Corticosteroid Receptor Expression.
Biol Psychiatry. 2010 Feb 2;
Arabadzisz D, Diaz-Heitjz R, Knuesel I, Weber E, Pilloud S, Dettling AC, Feldon J, Law AJ, Harrison PJ, Pryce CR
BACKGROUND: Expression of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) genes are moderately reduced in several brain regions in [...]

Brain Scan for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

by Romeo Mariano, MD (January 27, 2010)

Brain Scan Offers First Biological Test in Diagnosis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Scientific American - Psychiatry 1/22/10
Carina Storrs
The synchronous neural interactions test as a functional neuromarker for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): a robust classification method based on the bootstrap.
J Neural Eng. 2010 Feb;7(1):16011. Epub 2010 Jan 20.
Georgopoulos AP, Tan HR, Lewis SM, Leuthold AC, Winskowski AM, [...]

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Reduction in CRF Receptor type 1 expression in the Amygdala reduces Anxiety

by Romeo Mariano, MD (January 22, 2010)

The anxiolytic effect of environmental enrichment is mediated via amygdalar CRF receptor type 1.

Mol Psychiatry. 2010 Jan 19;
Authors: Sztainberg Y, Kuperman Y, Tsoory M, Lebow M, Chen A
Environmental enrichment (EE) is known to have an anxiolytic effect in several animal models; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying these behavioral changes are not understood.
In this [...]

CRF stimulates Pancreatic Beta Cell Insulin Secretion and Beta Cell Proliferation

by Romeo Mariano, MD (January 22, 2010)

CRFR1 is expressed on pancreatic beta cells, promotes beta cell proliferation, and potentiates insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Jan 12;107(2):912-7
Authors: Huising MO, van der Meulen T, Vaughan JM, Matsumoto M, Donaldson CJ, Park H, Billestrup N, Vale WW
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), originally characterized as the principal [...]

BDNF variant from Val66Met polymorphism reduces HPA-axis reactivity to acute stress.

by Romeo Mariano, MD (January 19, 2010)

The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism affects HPA-axis reactivity to acute stress.
Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2010 Jan 13;
Authors: Alexander N, Osinsky R, Schmitz A, Mueller E, Kuepper Y, Hennig J
BACKGROUND: Growing evidence suggests that individual differences in HPA-axis reactivity to psychosocial stress are partly due to heritable influences. However, knowledge about the role of specific genetic variants remains very [...]

Methylprednisolone reduces nitric oxide formation in cytokine-stimulated oligodendroglial cells

by Romeo Mariano, MD (January 18, 2010)

Effects of methylprednisolone and glatiramer acetate on nitric oxide formation of cytokine-stimulated cells from the rat oligodendroglial cell line OLN-93.

Neuroimmunomodulation. 2010;17(1):23-30
Authors: Holzknecht C, Röhl C
OBJECTIVES: In multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune inflammatory disease, oligodendroglia are primarily affected and play an important role in the onset and process of the degeneration of neuronal axons.
High-dose [...]

Activated microglia increase excitability of rat hippocampal neurons by producing interleukin-1beta.

by Romeo Mariano, MD (January 18, 2010)

Kainic acid-activated microglia mediate increased excitability of rat hippocampal neurons in vitro and in vivo: crucial role of interleukin-1beta.

Neuroimmunomodulation. 2010;17(1):31-8
Authors: Zheng H, Zhu W, Zhao H, Wang X, Wang W, Li Z
OBJECTIVE: It is known that highly activated microglia and the consequent production of inflammatory cytokines were associated with neuroexcitotoxic injuries.

The present study [...]

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